RESUMO
Introduction: Orthodontic market has experienced remarkableevolution in the development and creation of orthodonticappliances that are designed to appeal the patients. With theadvent of newer technology like invention of CAD-CAMthe brackets travelled its life from a bulky metal appliance,to aesthetic brackets (ceramics and plastic brackets), lingualbracket systems and finally bracket-less approach (Invisalignand Clear Path). This, although enhanced the aesthetic aspect,but lost its dexterity to the common man due the increasingtreatment cost (Value). Study aimed at evaluation of Perceptionof Laypersons to Appearance of Orthodontic Appliances, theirAcceptance and value for money.Material and methods: A sample of 200 laypersons wereselected by simple random sampling. A questionnaire wasframed for evaluation of attractiveness, acceptability andvalue of orthodontic appliances as grouped from group 1 togroup 6 and distributed amongst laypersons. The statisticalanalysis was done using the Statistical Package for the SocialScience (SPSS version 22, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) andDescriptive statistics were performed.Result: The attractiveness and acceptability of appliances goin favour of ceramic brackets with aesthetic arch wire andaesthetic ligature ties.Conclusion: But the practical acceptability of appliancesbased on three parameters conclusively favour ceramicbrackets with standard arch wire and metal ligature ties whichfulfils both the aesthetics and cost effectiveness.
RESUMO
Orofacial clefts can transpire either, as part of complex malformation syndromes, or as an isolated entity, also called non-syndromic cleft. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), collectively termed oral clefts, are the second most commonly observed birth defects among newborns after congenital heart defects. We wanted to investigate the association between genetic polymorphism in Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) & non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CL/P) cases in Central Indian population.METHODSIn this cross-sectional observational study, the sample comprised of Group 1: 66 individuals and 7 affected families with non-syndromic CL/P; and Group 2: 30 normal individuals and 10 normal families. 5 ml blood sample was collected from each individual following proper surgical protocol using disposable syringes, in blood tubes containing EDTA, with proper labelling and coding for further identification. DNA extraction was done by phenol chloroform extraction protocol and amplification was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Genotyping for the IRF6 polymorphism was completed by restriction digestion of PCR products, also called Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP).RESULTSThe correlative comparison between GG and GA polymorphism in IRF6 gene between affected cases and normal patients shows highly significant value. The comparison between GG & GA polymorphism shows that GG polymorphism is significantly higher in affected cases compared to Group 2. While GA polymorphism is significantly low or decreased in non-syndromic CL/P patients when compared to control group.CONCLUSIONSGG polymorphism is more frequently associated with non-syndromic CL/P as compared to GA polymorphism.